# 元素週期表資料與照片授權 整理日期：2026-10-02。此版本為本機雛形。 ## 數字資料 來源：[Bowserinator / Periodic-Table-JSON](https://github.com/Bowserinator/Periodic-Table-JSON)，CC BY-SA 3.0。僅取已命名的 118 元素；調整欄位、移除部分未可靠實測的宏觀物性、補充中文說明。整理資料 atoms.json 延續 CC BY-SA 3.0。中文教學敘述為本專案編寫，元素條目附 RSC 核對連結。 ## 照片 以下實際採用的樣品照片僅縮小與轉成 WebP，遵循每張原始授權；CC BY-SA 圖片的衍生檔延續相同授權。未改用生成圖片。 ### 1 · Hydrogen 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/hydrogen.webp Vial of glowing ultrapure hydrogen, H2. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 User:Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/hydrogen.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Hydrogenglow.jpg) ### 2 · Helium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/helium.webp Vial of glowing ultrapure helium. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/helium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Helium-glow.jpg) ### 3 · Lithium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/lithium.webp 0.5 Grams Lithium under Argon. Original size of the largest piece in cm: 0.3 x 4 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lithium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/0.5_grams_lithium_under_argon.jpg) ### 4 · Beryllium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/beryllium.webp Pure Beryllium bead, 2.5 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 1.5 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/beryllium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Beryllium_%28Be%29.jpg) ### 5 · Boron 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/boron.webp Pure Crystalline Boron, front and back side. Original size in cm: 2 x 3 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/boron.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Boron.jpg) ### 6 · Carbon 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/carbon.webp Element 6 - Carbon Texas Lane, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Pure_Carbon.png) ### 7 · Nitrogen 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/nitrogen.webp Vial of Glowing Ultrapure Nitrogen, N2. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/nitrogen.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Nitrogen-glow.jpg) ### 8 · Oxygen 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/oxygen.webp Liquid Oxygen in a Beaker Staff Sgt. Nika Glover, U.S. Air Force, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_%28cropped_and_retouched%29.jpg) ### 9 · Fluorine 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/fluorine.webp Liquid Fluorine at -196°C Fulvio314, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Fluoro_liquido_a_-196%C2%B0C_1.jpg) ### 10 · Neon 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/neon.webp Vial of Glowing Ultrapure neon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/neon.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Neon-glow.jpg) ### 11 · Sodium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/sodium.webp Na (Sodium) Metal The original uploader was Dnn87 at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Na_%28Sodium%29.jpg) ### 12 · Magnesium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/magnesium.webp Magnesium crystals Warut Roonguthai, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Magnesium_crystals.jpg) ### 13 · Aluminium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/aluminium.webp Pure aluminium foil. Original size in cm: 5 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/aluminium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Aluminium.jpg) ### 14 · Silicon 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/silicon.webp Chunk of Ultrapure Silicon, 2 x 2 cm Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/silicon.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Silicon.jpg) ### 15 · Phosphorus 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/phosphorus.webp Purple Phosphorus Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/phosphorus.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Phosphorus-purple.jpg) ### 16 · Sulfur 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/sulfur.webp Native Sulfur From Russia James St. John, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Native_sulfur_%28Vodinskoe_Deposit%3B_quarry_near_Samara%2C_Russia%29_9.jpg) ### 17 · Chlorine 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/chlorine.webp A Sample of Chlorine Benjah-bmm27, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Chlorine-sample-flip.jpg) ### 18 · Argon 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/argon.webp Vial of glowing ultrapure argon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/argon.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Argon-glow.jpg) ### 19 · Potassium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/potassium.webp Potassium Pieces Dnn87, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Potassium.JPG) ### 20 · Calcium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/calcium.webp Calcium Grains, grain size about 1 mm Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/calcium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Calcium.jpg) ### 21 · Scandium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/scandium.webp Crystal of Scandium. About 1g JanDerChemiker, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Scandium%2C_Sc.jpg) ### 22 · Titanium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/titanium.webp Titanium Crystal made with the van Arkel-de Booer Process. 87 grams, Original size in cm: 2.5 x 4 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/titanium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Titanium.jpg) ### 23 · Vanadium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/vanadium.webp Pieces of Pure Vanadium with Oxide Layer Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/vanadium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Vanadium-pieces.jpg) ### 24 · Chromium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/chromium.webp Piece of Chromium Metal Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/chromium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Chromium.jpg) ### 25 · Manganese 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/manganese.webp Two Oieces of Manganese Metal W. Oelen, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Manganese_element.jpg) ### 26 · Iron 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/iron.webp Fragments of an iron meteorite, about 92% iron. Original size of the single pieces in cm: 0.4 - 0.8 Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 source: https://images-of-elements.com/iron.php [原始照片](https://images-of-elements.com/iron-2.jpg) ### 27 · Cobalt 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/cobalt.webp Fractions from a cobalt, 7 and 4 grams. Original size in cm: 2 x 2 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/cobalt.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Cobalt_ore_2.jpg) ### 28 · Nickel 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/nickel.webp Nickel Chunk Materialscientist at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Nickel_chunk.jpg) ### 29 · Copper 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/copper.webp Macro of Native Copper about 1 ½ inches (4 cm) in size Native_Copper_Macro_Digon3.jpg: 'Jonathan Zander (Digon3)' derivative work: Materialscientist, CC BY-SA 2.5 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg) ### 30 · Zinc 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/zinc.webp 30 grams Zinc, front and back side. Original size in cm: 3 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/zinc.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Zinc_%2830_Zn%29.jpg) ### 31 · Gallium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/gallium.webp Solid gallium, fresh and after some time (2 months) at room temperature Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gallium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Solid_gallium_%28Ga%29.jpg) ### 32 · Germanium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/germanium.webp 12 Grams Polycrystalline Germanium, 2*3 cm Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/germanium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg) ### 33 · Arsenic 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/arsenic.webp Ultrapure Metallic Arsenic under Argon, 1 - 2 grams. Original size of each piece in cm: 0.5 x 1 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/arsenic.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Arsenic_%2833_As%29.jpg) ### 34 · Selenium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/selenium.webp Ultrapure Black, Amorphous Selenium, 3 - 4 grams. Original size in cm: 2 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/selenium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Selenium.jpg) ### 35 · Bromine 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/bromine.webp 99.5 % pure liquid Bromine in a 4 x 1 cm big glass ampoule, cast in acrylic Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/bromine.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Bromine-ampoule.jpg) ### 36 · Krypton 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/krypton.webp Vial of Glowing Ultrapure Krypton. Original size in cm: 1 x 5. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/krypton.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Krypton-glow.jpg) ### 37 · Rubidium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/rubidium.webp Rubidium Metal Sample Dnn87, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Rb5.JPG) ### 38 · Strontium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/strontium.webp Strontium Pieces under Paraffin Oil. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/strontium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Strontium-1.jpg) ### 39 · Yttrium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/yttrium.webp 6,21g Yttrium, Reinheit mindestens 99%. Jan Anskeit, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Piece_of_Yttrium.jpg) ### 40 · Zirconium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/zirconium.webp Two pieces of Zirconium, 1 cm each. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/zirconium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Zirconium-pieces.jpg) ### 41 · Niobium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/niobium.webp Niobium strips Mauro Cateb, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Niobium_strips.JPG) ### 42 · Molybdenum 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/molybdenum.webp 99.9 Pure Molybdenum Crystal, about 2 x 3 cm, with anodisation color Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/molybdenum.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Molybdenum.jpg) ### 43 · Technetium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/technetium.webp Technetium Sample inside a sealed glass ampoule, filled with argon gas. 6x1 mm goldfoil covered with 99Tc powder (electroplated). GFDL, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg) ### 44 · Ruthenium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/ruthenium.webp Ruthenium Crystal, 0.6 grams, 0.6 x 1.3 cm size Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/ruthenium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Ruthenium_crystal.jpg) ### 45 · Rhodium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/rhodium.webp Pure Rhodium Bead, 1 gram. Original size in cm: 0.5 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rhodium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Rhodium_%28Rh%29.jpg) ### 46 · Palladium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/palladium.webp Palladium Crystal, about 1 gram. Original size in cm: 0.5 x 1 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/palladium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Palladium_%2846_Pd%29.jpg) ### 47 · Silver 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/silver.webp Natural silver nugget, 1 cm long. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/silver.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Silver-nugget.jpg) ### 48 · Cadmium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/cadmium.webp 48 Cd Cadmium Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum / Jumk.de, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ; source: https://images-of-elements.com/cadmium.php [原始照片](https://images-of-elements.com/cadmium-4.jpg) ### 49 · Indium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/indium.webp 1.5 x 1.5 cm liquid indium Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/indium.php [原始照片](https://images-of-elements.com/indium-2.jpg) ### 50 · Tin 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/tin.webp Tin blob Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/tin.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Tin-2.jpg) ### 51 · Antimony 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/antimony.webp Antimony crystal, 2 grams, 1 cm Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/antimony.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Antimony-4.jpg) ### 52 · Tellurium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/tellurium.webp Metallic tellurium, diameter 3.5 cm Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tellurium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Tellurium2.jpg) ### 53 · Iodine 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/iodine.webp Iodine Sample Benjah-bmm27, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Iodine-sample.jpg) ### 54 · Xenon 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/xenon.webp Vial of glowing ultrapure xenon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5 Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/xenon.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Xenon-glow.jpg) ### 55 · Cesium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/cesium.webp Cesium/Caesium metal Dnn87 Contact email: Dnn87yahoo.dk, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Cesium.jpg) ### 56 · Barium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/barium.webp 1.5 Grams Barium with a Grey Oxide Layer under Argon. Original size in cm: 0.7 x 1 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/barium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Barium_%2856_Ba%29.jpg) ### 57 · Lanthanum 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/lanthanum.webp 1 cm Big Piece of Pure Lanthanum Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lanthanum.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Lanthanum.jpg) ### 58 · Cerium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/cerium.webp Ultrapure Cerium under Argon, 1.5 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 1 Jurii, CC BY 1.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/cerium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Cerium2.jpg) ### 59 · Praseodymium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/praseodymium.webp 1.5 Grams Praseodymium under Argon, 0.5 cm big pieces Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/praseodymium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Praseodymium.jpg) ### 60 · Neodymium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/neodymium.webp Ultrapure Neodymium under Argon, 5 grams. Original length of the large piece in cm: 1 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/neodymium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Neodymium_%2860_Nd%29.jpg) ### 62 · Samarium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/samarium.webp Ultrapure Sublimated Samarium, 2 grams. Original size in cm: 0.8 x 1.5 Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/samarium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Samarium-2.jpg) ### 63 · Europium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/europium.webp Weakly Oxidized Europium, hence slightly yellowish. 1.5 grams, large piece 0.6 x 1.6 cm. Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/europium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Europium.jpg) ### 64 · Gadolinium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/gadolinium.webp Pure (99.95%) Amorphous Gadolinium, about 12 grams, 2 × 1.5 × 0.5 cm, cast in acrylic glass Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gadolinium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Gadolinium-2.jpg) ### 65 · Terbium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/terbium.webp Pure Terbium, 3 grams. Original size: 1 cm Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/terbium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Terbium-2.jpg) ### 66 · Dysprosium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/dysprosium.webp Pure Dysprosium Dendrites Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/dysprosium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Dysprosium-2.jpg) ### 67 · Holmium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/holmium.webp Ultrapure Holmium, 17 grams. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 2.5 Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/holmium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Holmium2.jpg) ### 68 · Erbium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/erbium.webp 9.5 Gramms Pure Erbium, 2 x 2 cm Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/erbium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Erbium-2.jpg) ### 69 · Thulium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/thulium.webp Ultrapure (99.997%) Crystalline Thulium, 22.3 grams, 3 × 3 × 2 cm in size Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/thulium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Thulium-2.jpg) ### 70 · Ytterbium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/ytterbium.webp Ytterbium, 0.5 x 1 cm Jurii, CC BY 1.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/ytterbium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Ytterbium-3.jpg) ### 71 · Lutetium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/lutetium.webp 1 cm Big Piece of Pure Lutetium Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lutetium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Lutetium.jpg) ### 72 · Hafnium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/hafnium.webp Electrolytic Hafnium, 22 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 2 x 3 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/hafnium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Hafnium_%2872_Hf%29.jpg) ### 73 · Tantalum 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/tantalum.webp Piece of tantalum, 1 cm in size Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tantalum.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Tantalum.jpg) ### 74 · Tungsten 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/tungsten.webp Tungsten rod with oxidised surface, 80 grams. Original size in cm: 1.3 x 3 Jurii, CC BY 1.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tungsten.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Tungsten_rod_with_oxidised_surface.jpg) ### 75 · Rhenium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/rhenium.webp Pure Rhenium Bead, arc melted, 21 grams. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 1.7. Measured radiation dose <0.05 μS/h. Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rhenium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Pure_rhenium_bead%2C_arc_melted%2C_21_grams._Original_size_in_cm_-_1.5_x_1.7.jpg) ### 76 · Osmium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/osmium.webp Pure Osmium Bead Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/osmium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Osmium-bead.jpg) ### 77 · Iridium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/iridium.webp Pieces of Pure Iridium, 1 gram. Original size: 0.1 - 0.3 cm each Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/iridium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Iridium-2.jpg) ### 78 · Platinum 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/platinum.webp Crystals of Pure Platinum grown by gas phase transport Periodictableru, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Platinum_crystals.jpg) ### 79 · Gold 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/gold.webp Ultrapure Gold Leaf Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gold.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Gold_%2879_Au%29.jpg) ### 80 · Mercury 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/mercury.webp 6 grams pure mercury. Diameter of the inner disc: 2 cm Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/mercury.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Hydrargyrum_%2880_Hg%29.jpg) ### 81 · Thallium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/thallium.webp 8 grams pure thallium under argon. Original size in cm: 0.7 x 1.5 Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/thallium.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Thallium_%2881_Tl%29.jpg) ### 82 · Lead 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/lead.webp Ultrapure Lead Bead from two sides. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 2 Chemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lead.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Lead-2.jpg) ### 83 · Bismuth 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/bismuth.webp Bismuth Crystal Jurii, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/bismuth.php [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Bismuth-2.jpg) ### 88 · Radium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/radium.webp Radium electroplated on a very small sample of copper foil and covered with polyurethane to prevent reaction with the air grenadier, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Radium226.jpg) ### 89 · Actinium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/actinium.webp Actinium-225 medical radioisotope held in a v-vial at ORNL. The blue glow comes from the ionization of surrounding air by alpha particles Oak Ridge National Laboratory, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/oakridgelab/31481701837/ [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Actinium_sample_%2831481701837%29.png) ### 90 · Thorium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/thorium.webp Thorium Metal in Ampoule, corroded W. Oelen, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Thorium-1.jpg) ### 91 · Protactinium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/protactinium.webp This sample of Protactinium-233 (dark circular area in the photo) was photographed in the light from its own radioactive emission (the lighter area) at the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho. ENERGY.GOV, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Protactinium-233.jpg) ### 92 · Uranium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/uranium.webp A biscuit of uranium metal after reduction via the Ames Process. c.1943. Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Ames_Process_uranium_biscuit.jpg) ### 93 · Neptunium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/neptunium.webp Neptunium 237 sphere (6 kg) Los Alamos National Laboratory,, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Neptunium2.jpg) ### 94 · Plutonium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/plutonium.webp Plutonium metal sample Los Alamos National Laboratory / LANS. Attribution permission: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plutonium_ring.jpg . Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS), operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor LANS makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information. [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Plutonium_ring.jpg) ### 95 · Americium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/americium.webp A small disc of Am-241 under the microscope. Bionerd, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Americium_microscope.jpg) ### 96 · Curium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/curium.webp Museum display labelled Curium, photographed by James St. John; isotope and purity not inferred from the photograph James St. John, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ ; source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Curium_(Element_-_96)_1.jpg [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Curium_%28Element_-_96%29_1.jpg) ### 97 · Berkelium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/berkelium.webp It took 250 days to make enough berkelium, shown here (in dissolved state), to synthesize element 117 ORNL, Department of Energy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Berkelium.jpg) ### 98 · Californium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/californium.webp A disc of californium metal (249Cf, 10 mg). The source implies that the disc has a diameter about twice the thickness of a typical pin, or on the order of 1 mm United States Department of Energy (see File:Einsteinium.jpg), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Californium.jpg) ### 99 · Einsteinium 檔案：/lesson-assets/periodic-table/photos/einsteinium.webp 300 micrograms of Einsteinium 253, which has a half-life of 20 days. Haire, R. G., US Department of Energy.Touched up by Materialscientist at en.wikipedia., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons [原始照片](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Einsteinium.jpg) ## 補充情境照片 - [晶質鈾礦](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uraninite-34299.jpg)：Rob Lavinsky / iRocks.com，[CC BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)。檔案 photos/uraninite.webp。作為痕量元素的來源環境，不是該元素的樣品。 - [1939 年柏克萊迴旋加速器](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg)：US Department of Energy / NARA，public domain。檔案 photos/cyclotron.webp。研究設備，不是元素或礦物照片。 ## 字型 Huninn 沿用專案字型。罕見元素字以 Noto Sans CJK TC、少量 Noto Sans SC 補字；[Noto CJK](https://github.com/notofonts/noto-cjk) 採 SIL Open Font License 1.1，授權原文在 /fonts/Noto-CJK-LICENSE.txt。